Vowel
- Linguists break up the frequencies into formants.
- The most powerful formant is called the first formant,
the second most powerful the second and so forth.
- Peterson and Barney (1952) showed that the first and
second formant are both necessary and sufficient to
recognise vowels.

- This is English, and the table varies by accent.
- The three vowels used in the simulation (i, a, and u) are at the
edges.
- Note that a range of mammals can categorise vowels.
- Also note that other formants can have an effect, and are
certainly used in other aspects of speech recongition.