Logic and First Order Predicate Logic

• Socrates tried to encode knowledge in the form of logic.
• This was used for thousands of years, and is the basis of modern first order predicate logic.
• The base idea is that there are facts that are true or false. (odd 3) (odd 2) (tall chris)
• You can combine these facts with connectives including and, or, not, xor, and if.
• Via if then clauses, you can derive new facts.
• So, if (not(odd ?x)) then (divisible ?x 2)
• This is the basis of prolog.
• You can also have the existential quantifier and the universal quantifier.
• Additionally, there a scad of other logics including higher order, temporal and non-monotonic logics.
• The idea is that given some facts, you can derive new facts.